Ko te Mycoplasma pneumoniae he moroiti kei waenganui i te huakita me te huaketo; kāore he pakitara pūtau engari he kiriuhi pūtau tōna, ā, ka taea e ia te whakaputa uri motuhake, te whakaeke rānei, te pirinoa rānei i roto i ngā pūtau manaaki. He iti te ira o te Mycoplasma pneumoniae, tata ki te 1,000 noa iho ngā ira. He tino rerekē te Mycoplasma pneumoniae, ā, ka taea e ia te urutau ki ngā taiao me ngā manaaki rerekē mā te whakakotahitanga ira, te whakarerekētanga rānei. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakahaeretia te Mycoplasma pneumoniae mā te whakamahi i ngā paturopi macrolide, pērā i te azithromycin, te erythromycin, te clarithromycin, me ētahi atu. Mō ngā tūroro e ātete ana ki ēnei rongoā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tetracycline hou ake, i ngā quinolones rānei.
Nō nā tata nei, i tū he huihuinga pāpāho a te Komihana Hauora ā-Motu mō te ārai me te whakahaere i ngā mate manawa i te takurua, me te whakaatu i te horapa o ngā mate manawa me ngā mahi ārai i te takurua i Haina, me te whakautu i ngā pātai a ngā pāpāho. I te huihuinga, i kī ngā tohunga kua tae a Haina ki te wā o te nui o ngā mate manawa, ā, he maha ngā mate manawa e hono tahi ana, e hono tahi ana, e tūkino ana i te hauora o te tangata. Ko ngā mate manawa e pā ana ki te mumura o te kiriuhi mucous o te ara manawa i puta mai i te mate pathogen, i ētahi atu āhuatanga rānei, tae atu ki te mate ara manawa o runga, te niumōnia, te bronchitis, te huango me ētahi atu. E ai ki ngā raraunga aroturuki a te Komihana Hauora me te Hauora ā-Motu, ko ngā mate o ngā mate manawa i Haina ko ngā huaketo rewharewha te nuinga, hei tāpiri atu ki te horapa o ētahi atu pathogen i roto i ngā reanga rerekē, hei tauira, kei reira anō hoki ngā rhinovirus e mate ai te makariri noa i roto i ngā tamariki 1-4 tau te pakeke; I roto i te taupori o te hunga 5-14 tau te pakeke, ko ngā mate Mycoplasma me ngā adenovirus e hua ai te makariri noa he nui. I roto i te rōpū tau 5-14, ko ngā mate Mycoplasma me ngā adenovirus e hua ai te makariri noa he wāhanga motuhake o te taupori; i roto i te rōpū tau 15-59, ka kitea ngā rhinovirus me ngā neocoronavirus; ā, i roto i te rōpū tau 60+, he nui ngā wāhanga o te parapneumovirus tangata me te coronavirus noa.
Ko ngā huaketo rewharewha he huaketo RNA aho-pai, e toru ngā momo, arā, te momo A, te momo B me te momo C. He nui te kaha o ngā huaketo rewharewha A ki te whakarerekē, ā, ka taea te arahi ki ngā mate urutā rewharewha. E waru ngā wāhanga o te ira o te huaketo rewharewha, ā, e whakaatu ana i tētahi, neke atu rānei, pūmua. E rua ngā huarahi matua e whakarerekē ai ngā huaketo rewharewha, ko tētahi ko te nekehanga antigenic, arā, ka puta ngā whakarerekētanga i roto i ngā ira huaketo, ka hua ake he huringa antigenic i roto i te hemagglutinin (HA) me te neuraminidase (NA) i runga i te mata o te huaketo; ko tētahi ko te whakarerekētanga antigenic, arā, ko te pangia ngātahi o ngā momo ira rerekē o ngā huaketo rewharewha i roto i te pūtau manaaki kotahi ka arahi ki te whakakotahitanga o ngā wāhanga ira huaketo, ka hua ake he hanganga momo hou. Ko te nuinga o ngā huaketo rewharewha ka whakahaeretia mā te whakamahi i ngā aukati neuraminidase, pērā i te oseltamivir me te zanamivir, ā, mō ngā tūroro e tino mate ana, me whai rongoā tautoko tohumate me te rongoā i ngā raruraru.
Ko te Neocoronavirus he huaketo RNA kotahi-aho, he aho pai, he aho pai, nō te whānau Coronaviridae, e whā ngā whānau iti, arā, ko te α, te β, te γ, me te δ. Ko ngā whānau iti α me te β ka pangia ngā kararehe e te nuinga, ko ngā whānau iti γ me te δ ka pangia ngā manu e te nuinga. Ko te ira o te neocoronavirus he anga pānui tuwhera roa e whakamārama ana i te 16 ngā pūmua kore-hanganga me te whā ngā pūmua hanganga, arā, ko te pūmua kiriuhi (M), te hemagglutinin (S), te nucleoprotein (N) me te pūmua whākōkī (E). Ko ngā whakarerekētanga o ngā Neocoronavirus te nuinga nā ngā hapa i roto i te whakaputa uri huaketo, te whakaurunga rānei o ngā ira o waho, ka puta ai ngā huringa i roto i ngā raupapa ira huaketo, ka pā ki te tuku huaketo, te mate me te kaha mawhiti ārai mate. Ko te nuinga o ngā Neocoronavirus ka whakahaeretia mā te whakamahi i ngā rongoā ārai huaketo pērā i te ridecivir me te lopinavir/ritonavir, ā, i ngā wā tino kino, me whai rongoā tautoko tohu me te rongoā i ngā raruraru.
Ko ngā huarahi matua hei whakahaere i ngā mate manawa koia ēnei:
Werohanga. Ko ngā werohanga te huarahi tino whai hua hei ārai i ngā mate pipiri, ā, ka taea e rātou te whakaoho i te tinana kia puta he ārai mate ki ngā pathogens. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā momo werohanga a Haina mō ngā mate manawa, pērā i te werohanga rewharewha, te werohanga karauna hou, te werohanga pneumococcal, te werohanga maremare, me ētahi atu. E taunakihia ana kia werohangahia te hunga whai mana i te wā tika, inā koa ko ngā kaumātua, ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e ngā mate huna, ngā tamariki me ētahi atu rōpū matua.
Kia mau ki ngā tikanga akuaku whaiaro pai. Ka horapa ngā mate manawa mā roto i ngā pata me te whakapā atu, nō reira he mea nui kia whakaitihia te horapa o ngā mate urutā mā te horoi i ō ringaringa i ia wā, te hipoki i tō waha me tō ihu ki te tauera, ki te tuke rānei ina maremare, ina tihe rānei, kaua e tuwha, me te kaua e whakawhitiwhiti taputapu.
Āta karohia ngā wāhi kīkī, kāore hoki i te pai te hau. He tino mōrearea ngā wāhi kīkī, kāore hoki i te pai te hau, mō ngā mate manawa, ā, he ngāwari hoki ki te pangia e ngā mate urutā. Nō reira, he mea nui kia whakaitihia te toro atu ki ēnei wāhi, ā, ki te mea me haere koe, mauria he kopare kanohi, kia mau hoki te tawhiti hapori hei karo i te whakapā tata ki ētahi atu.
Whakapakari i te ātete o te tinana. Ko te ātete o te tinana te arai tuatahi ki ngā mate pāwera. He mea nui kia whakapai ake i te ārai mate o te tinana, kia whakaitihia hoki te tūponotanga o te mate mā te kai tika, te whakakori tinana taurite, te moe tika, me te hinengaro pai.
Kia tūpato ki te pupuri i te mahana. He iti te pāmahana o te takurua, ā, ka taea e te whakaohooho makariri te heke o te mahi ārai mate o te kiriuhi manawa, ka māmā ake te whakaekenga a ngā pathogens. Nō reira, kia tūpato ki te pupuri i te mahana, kia mau i ngā kākahu e tika ana, kia karo i te makariri me te rewharewha, kia tere te whakatikatika i te pāmahana me te haumākū o roto, kia mau tonu hoki te hauhautanga o roto.
Rapua he awhina hauora i te wā tika. Mēnā ka puta ngā tohu o ngā mate manawa pēnei i te kirika, te mare, te mamae o te korokoro me te uaua ki te manawa, me haere koe ki tētahi whare hauora i te wā tika, me te tātaritanga me te rongoā i te mate e ai ki ngā tohutohu a te tākuta, kaua hoki e tango rongoā i a koe anō, kaua hoki e whakaroa i te rapu awhina hauora. I taua wā anō, me whakamōhio pono koe ki tō tākuta mō tō hītori mate urutā me te pānga, me te mahi tahi me ia i roto i ngā rangahau mate urutā me ngā whakaritenga mate urutā hei ārai i te horapa o te mate.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-15-2023